The Rolex Oyster Perpetual, a name synonymous with luxury and precision, owes a significant portion of its legacy to a relatively unsung hero: the Rolex caliber 620 movement. Introduced in 1931, this groundbreaking mechanism marked a pivotal moment in horological history, representing the brand's commitment to innovation and its relentless pursuit of enhanced timekeeping accuracy and reliability. While often overshadowed by later, more prolific movements, the Rolex 620 holds a unique place in the brand's history, particularly for its implementation of automatic winding and its distinctive variations, including those featuring a separate seconds sub-dial. This article will explore the fascinating intricacies of the Rolex 620, focusing on its design, its evolution, its variants with separate seconds hands, and its enduring appeal among collectors today.
Rolex 620 Watch Movement: A Revolutionary Design
The Rolex 620 movement was revolutionary for its time. Prior to its introduction, automatic movements were often unreliable and prone to inaccuracies. Rolex addressed these shortcomings with a series of innovative design choices. Most notably, the 620 was the first Rolex automatic movement to employ a rotor winding system. This self-winding mechanism, utilizing the natural motion of the wearer's wrist to wind the mainspring, eliminated the need for manual winding, a significant improvement in convenience and practicality.
Beyond the automatic winding system, the 620 incorporated other sophisticated features that contributed to its superior performance. A prominent feature was the inclusion of a Breguet hairspring. This type of hairspring, characterized by its overcoil, offered improved isochronism – meaning it maintained consistent oscillation rates even under varying power reserves – leading to greater accuracy. The Breguet hairspring, known for its elegant curvature, was a hallmark of high-end watchmaking, further solidifying the 620's position as a premium movement.
Furthermore, the 620 featured a detached manual wind. This mechanism allowed for manual winding of the watch, providing a supplementary method of power replenishment, ensuring functionality even if the automatic winding mechanism wasn't fully effective. This dual-winding capability was a clever design choice, adding robustness and flexibility to the movement. The combination of automatic winding, a Breguet hairspring, and detached manual wind resulted in a movement that was both convenient and highly accurate for its era. This intricate assembly, housed within the classic Rolex Oyster case, represented a significant step forward in the evolution of the automatic wristwatch.
Rolex Cal. 620 Bubble Back 1940s: The Iconic Case Design
The 1940s saw the 620 movement housed in the distinctive "Bubble Back" case. This characteristically rounded case, designed to accommodate the relatively thick movement, became synonymous with a particular era of Rolex production. The Bubble Back's curved profile not only provided a visually appealing aesthetic but also offered improved protection for the delicate movement inside. The increased curvature of the case back contributed to the watch's robustness, providing enhanced shock resistance.
The combination of the innovative 620 movement and the protective Bubble Back case resulted in a timepiece that was both aesthetically pleasing and highly functional. These watches are highly sought after by collectors today, representing a significant milestone in Rolex's history and a testament to the enduring appeal of classic watch design. The Bubble Back 620s, often found with a variety of dial configurations, including those with separate seconds sub-dials, showcase the versatility and enduring quality of this particular movement.
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